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We designed this study to obtain descriptive data about coping in the environment of a modern pre-anaesthetic clinic. In order to help patients cope effectively today, we must first understand their preoperative coping efforts and informational preferences.

Due to the rapid development of communication technology, many social aspects of life have since changed and so patterns of coping efforts may also have changed. Much research into coping dates from the 1980s. Coping may therefore be more effective if supported comprehensively by health care providers, especially in patients with high preoperative anxiety. Rather, stress is a result of the subjective appraisal of the threat. According to the stress model of Lazarus, a stressor itself does not primarily provoke stress. Coping is therefore a function of personality and situational demands in order to regain emotional control. The individual coping style is generally related to the personality of the patient (dispositional coping style) while the used steps of action are mostly situationally adapted (coping efforts). The stabilizing responses during stressful periods can be summarised within the concept of coping. Patients try to adopt or cope with this situation by using specific affective, cognitive and behavioural efforts to manage the demands of the actual situation. Otherwise, such stress may exceed the individual resources of the patients and may negatively affect recovery from surgery. They have to adapt or cope with this situation in order to regain control of their emotions. Patients scheduled for anaesthesia and surgery often become anxious and stressed. Internet access may be the easiest way to support coping today. Acknowledgment of the division between information-seeking and blunting-like personalities is central to supporting the patientвЂ™s individual coping efforts. ConclusionД¬onversation with medical staff proved to be the most popular coping strategy. The use of the internet was independent of the anxiety level and the demand of information. Both groups showed an exactly identical agreement with this coping effort.Дemand for medical anxiolysis, blunting or the desire for more conversation may indicate increased anxiety. Anxiolytic Medication showed no reliable correlation to monitoring and blunting disposition. Coping follows no demographic rules but is influenced by the level of education. There was no significant difference between these two groups in anxiety scores.Д®ducational conversation was the coping effort rated highest in monitors whereas calming conversation was the coping effort rated highest in blunters. According to the initial self-assessment, about two thirds of the patients believed that information would help them to cope with their anxiety (вЂњmonitorsвЂќ) the remainder declined further education/information and reported self-distraction to be most helpful to cope with anxiety (вЂњbluntersвЂќ). The final analysis included 1205 patients with high preoperative anxiety. Statistical significance was considered for p < 0.05.

Statistical analysis included correlational analysis between dispositional coping styles, coping efforts and other variables such as sociodemographic data. In the subsample of patients with high preoperative anxiety, patientsвЂ™ dispositional coping style was determined and patientsвЂ™ coping efforts were studied by having patients rate their agreement with 9 different coping efforts on a four point Likert scale. We assessed preoperative anxiety and coping preferences in a consecutive sample of 3087 surgical patients using validated scales (Amsterdam Preoperative Anxiety and Information Scale/Visual Analogue Scale).

This study is the first to analyse coping strategies in a large population of patients with high preoperative anxiety. Coping may be more effective if supported by specific strategies or external utilities. Patients try to regain control of their emotions by using coping efforts. Anaesthesia and surgery provoke preoperative anxiety and stress.

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